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Date palm is known to have high biodiversity, with over five thousand cultivars worldwide. These cultivars have been evaluated using different vegetative and reproductive measurements. Chemical composition of fruit. The length of time needed to produce mature fruit (early; mid and late). The paper aims: to screen and develop new microsatellite markers (SSR) for date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), to investigate the genetic diversity of Omani germplasm and compare accessions with other countries’ germplasm and to develop new markers for gender discrimination in date palm that can be used in breeding programmes. DNA 194 samples was collected from Oman (151 female cultivars and 43 male trees) and 48 from Italy (Sanremo, Bordighera), USDA-ARS, France, Iraq, Libya, Sudan and Iran...