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Effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on somatic embryogenesis in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L)

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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In vitro propagation of date palm ensures large scale multiplication of genetically uniform planting material. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in the accumulation of nutritive products (proteins, lipids and glycides) during the development and maturation of asexual embryo formation. This study investigates the impact of abscisic acid on asexual embryo formation in date palm, their maturation, problem of vitrification and oxidation. Embryogenic callus was developed on MS media using the following hormone concentrations (ABA- 2.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1 and 0.0 mg/l) in a culture at room temperature of ± 25°C and light for 16 h/day. Results indicated that maturation of asexual embryo of the date palm variety, Sheshi, after six months of culture and addition of ABA (1.0 mg/l in media containing NAA 2 mg/l, BAP 0.5 mg/l, and Kinetin 0.5 mg/l) resulted in a high proportion of asexual embryo formation. The study also revealed that increase in the hormone concentration resulted in decrease in the number of embryos obtained.

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